Operating Systems and Stacks

An operating system (OS) is software, consisting of programs and data, that runs on computers, manages the computer hardware and provides common services for efficient execution of various application software. For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation, the OS acts as an intermediary between application programs and the computer hardware, although the application code is usually executed directly by the hardware, but will frequently call the OS or be interrupted by it. Operating systems are found on almost any device that contains a computer - from cellular phones and video game consoles to supercomputers and web servers.