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At element14 our charter is to help engineers by providing a place you can go to find technical information, support materials, industry analysis, design trends and other resources that are vital to getting your job done.


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Just send us your resume and some writing samples to news@element14.com and we'll get back to you.


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Denhac Lecture Series: Basics in Analog Electronics
by Dave Young

Dave Young recently signed up to teach a series of classes at Denhac, the hackerspace in Denver. He plans to review the basics of Analog Electronics for an audience of digital/software engineers. In his posting Dave outlines the subjects he intends to cover and asks the element14 audience (analog engineers in particular) to critique his plan...

The Roads Less Traveled Around Multicore Walls
by Loring Wirbel and Lou Covey

For the better part of two decades, the processor industry has been running haphazardly down the road of multicore design, packing more and more processor cores on a single chip.  But a funny thing happened on the way to the personal super computer.  It didn't work...

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Attendees at the TEDx conference (via TEDxMogadishu)

 

Somalia’s capital city Mogadishu hosted their first ever TEDx (Technology, Entertainment and Design) conference earlier in March of this year. Between 50 and 100 people from diverse backgrounds attended the conference, held at the First Somali Bank, and discussed how to best to rebuild the war-torn capital and bring in new businesses after two decades of conflicts.

 

The forum was also a way of changing the world’s opinion about the country to show that there is more going on than terrorism and piracy in the hopes that new businesses will bring forth foreign investors (capitalists?). The event (called ‘Rebirth’) featured short films, music and speakers that included a University founder, property developers and health-care specialists. Only those who were invited (most of the invitee’s never heard of the TEDx conference) attended the talks due to security concerns, however, the forum was broadcasted over the internet for those who were interested. The talks came with mixed reviews as some thought that rebuilding Mogadishu gave them hope while others thought the focus should have been on rebuilding the country of Somalia itself. Still, no matter how you look at it any step forward is a monumental undertaking and a beacon of hope for that country.

 

 

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There’s good news for those of you who need to destroy your data stored on your SSD’s quickly and efficiently in an emergency situation. RunCore (manufacturer of SSD’s) has unveiled their new line of InVincible Solid State Disc drives which feature two ways to ensure data destruction.

 

The first capability the drives feature is ‘Intelligent’ destruction which over-writes the data and returns the drive back to its factory default setting. According to the company there is no possible way to recover the original data stored on the drive once the drive is reset. This is the rather mundane approach as the second option for data elimination is much more fun and effective (as well as costly).

 

The second option of data deletion the drives feature is self-destruction. Essentially the drive over-volts itself and physically damages the NAND chips inside rendering the drive useless (like a bad CPU overclocking job). To initiate both data erasure and destruction, the InVincible drives feature a two push-button system that is physically attached to the drive with the green button for erasing and a red button for meltdown.

 

These new drives were designed for the military, as well as other companies and institutions where sensitive data is being used or stored, and come in varying sizes and capacities that can withstand a temperature range of -45 to 200 degrees Fahrenheit. The company hasn’t said when the InVincible line of will be available or how much they will go for, but chances are they will cost more than current SSD’s and be available before the year is out.

 

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Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) has just unveiled its new Trinity processor family, which it claims offers "twice the performance per watt" of Llano chips. AMD explained that the update features four CPU (central processing unit) cores and a single GPU (graphics processing unit).

 

The update is seen as particularly significant for people connected to the gaming community, with AMD saying that it will provide players with a significantly improved experience.

 

It has already been confirmed that the Hewlett Packard 'Sleekbook' - which is set to go on sale next month - will be the first consumer product to feature the chip. AMD, which is popular among computer manufacturers, explained that the chip can be set to run off as low as 17 watts, precisely half the minimum amount possible using its predecessor, Llano.

 

"Over the past decade, several test chips successfully demonstrated a variety of resonant clocking implementations," Joe Macri, AMD's chief technology officer, explained. "None, however, has achieved integration into a commercial processor due to various practicality or cost issues. AMD has managed to overcome these challenges.

 

"[It] results in a reduction in total core power consumption of up to ten percent."

 

For gaming fans in particular, the new chip is set to be especially beneficial, according to Sasa Markinkovic, the head of desktop and software product marketing. Indeed, AMD is intent on pushing Trinity's ability to manage high definition games on systems that are not kitted out with discrete graphics cards.

 

"When you look at Ivy Bridge it is a step forward for Intel in terms of graphics performance, but it's still not good enough for HD gaming - and that makes the difference between playable and not playable," he added.

 

Despite this, some analysts, including Sergis Mushell, processor expert at the tech analysis firm Gartner, have cast doubt over whether AMD will be able to compete with Intel, its long-term rival.

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Nanofiber Energy Harvesting in News

Posted by gervasi May 21, 2012

ZnONanofiber.jpgI had the opportunity last week to talk to Dr. Xudong Wang from the University of Wisconsin about his research into energy harvesting using nanfibers.  By coincidence this came just a week after I talked to Dr. Krupenkin about his energy harvesting technology.  They are similar in that they generate energy using the electrostatic force to move current rather than by moving a wire through a magnetic field as in a traditional generator.

 

Nanofiber energy harvesting uses materials that develop a charge when mechanical compression deforms their crystalline structure.  This happens in materials made of atoms with a high disparity of charge.  The compression causes one side of the material to have more atoms of a positive charge while the other side has more negatively charged atoms.  PVDF is common material with this property.  It can develop several volts when compressed.

 

Dr. Wang is researching ZnO because it can be grown into nanofibers and it is not toxic to the human body, so it may therefore lend itself to powering medical implants.  Nanofibers can be located in an assembly in which wires or other nanofibers brush against them, causing them to develop a charge.  This charge can be collected and stored in a battery or capacitor. 

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The ZnO nanofibers typically only develop hundreds of millivolts, which makes it harder to harness than energy from PVDF.  How to collect charge efficiently from low-voltage sources is outside Dr. Wang's focus.

 

PVDFMicrobelt.jpgThe energy from airflow can be harvested from a thin film using this property by allowing the film to oscillate in the wind.  This has been demonstrated with PVDF.  If researchers can make this work with very thin films using nanotechnology, tiny amounts of power could be harvested from the airflow associated with respiration.  It would be good to see a productive use for a phenomenon that has become a metaphor for general engineering failure owing to the case of Galloping Gertie.   

 

This technology touches me personally because my mother-in-law has a pacemaker.  Her doctors are monitoring its battery's charge.  Replacing the battery requires surgery, which can always be risky in people with health problems.  So deciding at which point to change the battery becomes tricky decision.  One application Dr. Wang talked about was pacemakers.  The heart undergoes a lot of motion from which energy could be harvested.  If this technology could provide even some of the power for a pacemaker, it would be a huge benefit to patients. 

 

As with all energy harvesting, my impression is someone needs to find a "killer app" for it.  I'm not clear whether enough charge could be collected from nanofibers to put a dent in a pacemaker's energy budget.  It will likely find applications that the reasearchers haven't even considered. 

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Dragon capsule (via SpaceX)

 

SpaceX (Space Exploration Technologies Corp.) has recently announced that they will launch their Dragon free-flying reusable space craft on Tuesday May 22nd. This will mark the first time in history that a commercial company has launched a manned space vehicle into space to rendezvous with the International Space Station.

 

The Dragon re-usable space craft was designed using three main components which feature a nosecone that’s used as a shield during lift-off and houses the docking adapter needed to connect to external hatches found on the ISS. The second component featured is the spacecraft itself and was designed to be configured based on payload specifications and houses the avionics, RCS (Reaction Control System or thruster control systems) system, parachutes and other un-pressurized cargo/systems. The third component featured on the spacecraft is the Trunk which is used for un-pressurized cargo, solar arrays and thermal radiators needed to power the craft.

 

The re-usable vehicle will be launched atop of SpaceX’s Falcon 9 two-stage heavy-lift rocket which uses 10 Merlin 1C liquid oxygen and kerosene motors (9 on the first stage and 1 on the second). The mission will bring much needed supplies to the ISS as well as challenge the Dragon in a series of tests designed to test the feasibility of using commercial craft for future missions contracted through NASA and other organizations. If all goes well the launch will take place at Cape Canaveral at 4:15 AM Eastern Time and is expected to return a few hundred miles off the coast of California two weeks later. For those interested in watching the launch head over to SpaceX.com which will start broadcasting 40 minutes prior to launch.

 

Update: The rocket was scheduled to launch this past Saturday, the 19th. However, the team discovered a faulty check valve on the "Merlin Engine." The component was swapped, and not the historic flight will take place this Tuesday, the 22nd. The post was updated to reflect the change.

 

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Digital language translators are used every day. However, there is one dialect that still eludes the automation.

 

 

Engineering students, Ranjay Krishna, Seonwoo Lee and Si Ping Wang, from Cornell University are attempting to develop a very different type of translator, one that helps those who cannot make use of auditory signals. The students have created a sign language translator that converts hand gestures to their corresponding letter symbol and sound.

 

 

This translator is in the form of a glove for the hand and circuitry that fasten to the forearm. The glove itself contains nine flex sensors, four contact sensors, one x-y axis accelerometers and one z-axis accelerometer. The flex sensors are positioned around the upper/lower knuckles and the contact sensors at the tips of the fingers to distinguish between gestures. The accelerometers are needed because some letters vary only on movements of the hands and other letters vary only on the orientation of the hand.

 

 

An ATMega644 Microcontroller is used to analyze the signal from the electromechanical sensors and send transmission requests to the transmitter. The device is made wireless using a Radiotronix transceiver. All of this makes up what they call the Detection Unit, and it is simply strapped to the forearm.  The signal is then received by the base station with outputs the results to an LCD screen as well as transmits the signal to a computer via USB where it can also be outputted as sound through the computer speakers. The students used Matlab, Java and C for all their coding.

 

 

As far as can be seen, this device only converts gestures to letters so more development is needed for those gestures that represent nouns or actions but no doubt this is a start towards a world where we can all communicate a little easier.

 

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ARM Cortex A-9 (via TSMC)

 

Today's processor industry is largely controlled by two companies, Intel and ARM Holdings. Intel produces processors running in most of today’s laptops, desktops, and servers. On the other hand, ARM largely dominates the quickly growing mobile industry. Both are looking to invade each others markets soon by developing processors with high performance and low power consumption, or a strong performance per watt ratio.

 

 

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) may have just made ARM Holdings future in the CPU market a bit more promising. At TSMC, they have recently ran a 28nm dual-core ARM Cortex A-9 processor at a max speed of 3.1GHz. The clock speed is 55% higher than present and is about twice as fast as its 40nm counterpart at TSMC. Additionally, the ARM chips also have the advantage of very little heat dissipation, giving them the ability to be densely packed together with one another.

 

 

Two of ARM's many partners include Nvidia and Calxeda, are both looking to produce ARM based processors to compete with Intel. Calxeda is working on producing chips for servers that work more efficiently. Such as implementing overlapping operations during each clock cycle to allow better speed handling. The method gives them an efficiency boost and may work to an advantage for large data retrieving applications such as web hosting.

 

 

TSMC also produces mobile chips for Nvidia. The successful high speed processing test can also mean good things for Nvidia. Nvidia is working on a custom ARM based processor to use in desktops and laptops to compete with Intel. The CPU project dubbed Project Denver has already been in development for some time, but TSMC's latest breakthrough could give the project a large boost.

 

 

The coming products produced from this “competition” should give us some interesting products in the future. Both companies will not easily be letting other companies invade their markets. The server market is worth $50 billion due to the rise of cloud computing and use of social networking. In addition, everyone can see the rise in the uses of tablets and smart phones.  The competition will lead us into the future of processor technology, which will be developed with these two companies paving the way.

 

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Microsoft has unveiled a revolutionary piece of kit that could transform the consumer electronic market over coming years. Using the new augmented reality system, consumers working in different locations would be able to collaborate on tabletop projects. The device, in essence, allows them to share objects that they can both handle.

 

The device, which is known as MirageTable, has been demonstrated at a conference in Austin, Texas. The firm also outlined details of the project on the firm's research site. The impressive system gives the illusion that the two parties are working together seamlessly. However, Microsoft researchers concede that even more work needs to be conducted before the kit can reach the consumer market.

 

Details of how the system works are provided on Microsoft's research site. The firm explained that using a 3D-video projector, consumers are able to beam images onto a sheet of curved white plastic. Thereafter, camera sensors are used to track the direction of each person's stare. They are also used to capture the shape and appearance of objects. And using shutter glasses, consumers are able to see the object in three dimensions, thereby rendering geographic boundaries obsolete for some people.

 

In a statement, the researchers said they were "motivated by a simple idea: can we enable the user to interact with 3D digital objects alongside real objects in the same physically realistic way and without wearing any additional trackers, gloves or gear".

 

Although the prospect of the MirageTable reaching the consumer market remains some way off, Microsoft researchers are optimistic about the future of the project.

 

"In our system, the user can hold a virtual object, move it, or knock it down, since all virtual and real objects participate in a real-world physics simulation," the research team said. "The unique benefit of this setup is that two users share not only the 3D image of each other, but also the tabletop task space in front of them."

 

However, the research team's positivity surrounding the project was tempered somewhat by the acknowledgement that simulating realistic grasping behaviours given depth camera input "remains an open research problem".

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